{"id":92,"date":"2010-10-02T18:16:35","date_gmt":"2010-10-02T18:16:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pauljjhansen.com\/?p=92"},"modified":"2014-03-21T15:21:26","modified_gmt":"2014-03-21T15:21:26","slug":"sales-tax-a-duty-or-not","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.pauljjhansen.com\/?p=92","title":{"rendered":"State Sales Tax, (A DUTY or not?) Legal Brief is Available."},"content":{"rendered":"

CAUTION<\/strong>-Never state that you do not have a sales tax duty, always keep the burden on them to prove your duty!<\/p>\n

Businesses where I do not pay STATE sales tax.<\/p>\n

Menards
\nWalmart
\nLowes
\nHomeDepo
\nNapa Auto Parts<\/p>\n

To order my legal brief<\/strong> click the Buy Now below:<\/p>\n

NOTICE – 3-24-14 – Due to recent difficulties with Paypal send all payment by mailing money orders payable to Paul John Hansen, mailing address 1548 N 19, Omaha, NE 68110.<\/em><\/strong>
\n<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/form>\n\"\"<\/form>\n

“Opposition of Sales Tax Duty, Brief<\/strong>“.<\/p>\n

Just pay 10$<\/strong> and I’ll email you the information, and you will be joined to a Dropbox, “if you like”, so you can watch others all across America exercise their independence as well, it will pay for itself in just one purchase of $133.00 in Nebraska. Your friends will faint watching you walk out of stores saving hundreds of dollars.<\/p>\n

>>>
\nBasically the corporate government (STATE OF NEBRASKA<\/a>) is just that “a corporation’ and they can only tax (bill) those “in” the corporate structure.\u00a0 Free Inhabitants, are not “in”, they are without(outside of).<\/p>\n

They can only tax that which they ‘own’ (govern).<\/p>\n

So being free from the government is really free, what a phenomenal concept.<\/p>\n

So if the tax is $1.00 or more dollars I pull out a copy of the (Nebraska) FORM ‘N 13<\/strong>‘ and save the tax.
\n(Many stores have them on hand also, some have them online, or in house computer systems.)
\nThe store managers go “wow”, I did not know that, then I give them a card with this site on it.<\/p>\n

I have friends that have been doing this for years.
\n>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>><\/p>\n

Nebraska Department of Revenue – Form 13 <\/a> http:\/\/docs.google.com\/viewer?a=v&q=cache:IWbmS6jJkagJ:www.revenue.ne.gov\/tax\/current\/f_13.pdf+nebraska+sales+tax+form+13&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESi5t-Q3B1c7Wbuff7bZVUho4IXYx9NYQLScFQ0eYrGmJWUgIStC2k316QEt9h40nVw<\/a><\/p>\n

qxigZxJV2EzuQLmN1SLH3HPcF38ltKCiHh6YvCNxbJ61oAzWEMFmgaJp8IF–mT28ZkoF&sig=AHIEtbRVFp5bWr4JkKg3LY3fXlTmkERxGg<\/a><\/p>\n

NOTICE: As a free inhabitant pursuant to Article 4 of the Articles of Confederation, the form below is really not for you.\u00a0 How could a form be required if on is free from their governing structure.\u00a0 But none the less it works.\u00a0 If they refuse contact me and we can give them legal notice by notary presentment as to their misapplication of their written law, and if they continue you can go for triple damages.<\/p>\n

>>\u00a0 Basic N 13 form below”<\/p>\n

NAME AND MAILING ADDRESS OF PURCHASER
\nName Paul John Hansen
\nStreet or Other Mailing Address – 1548 N 19,
\nCity – Omaha.
\nState, Nebraska, without the United States.
\n(I leave the zip code off.)<\/p>\n

SECTION “B” Nebraska Exempt Sale Certificate<\/p>\n

category 2<\/span><\/p>\n

Description of Item(s) Purchased \u201c Personal”<\/p>\n

Intended Use of Item(s) Purchased – For free inhabitant, private use only.<\/p>\n

sign here>\u00a0 Paul John Hansen, Date – 23 day of October 2008<\/p>\n

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>><\/p>\n

Stores that you frequent will give you a pass or log you in at the desk, so it takes 1 minute the first time and seconds after that.<\/p>\n

Some stores have computer entry so you can not put in lower case, upper will work in that situation.<\/p>\n

It may not work if you use a postal service address. Use of a government service is a presumption (possibly a contract) of a taxable entity\/activity.<\/p>\n

You see ‘residents’ have ‘addresses’ within the UNITED STATES INC., a resident (US citizen, non-free inhabitant) is a taxable entity.<\/p>\n

A sovereign has a mail call location without the US.<\/p>\n

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>><\/p>\n

I have never been turned down. The store owners call their lawyer, and the lawyers say the man is right, and gives the go-ahead on a tax free sale.
\nThe store owner then often turns to me and says; “do you have any info I can read about this on the internet or something, this is very interesting, I have been here for twenty years and I have never seen this exception stuff.”<\/p>\n

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>><\/p>\n

State Sales Tax BRIEF
\nThere are few forms of taxation that are more misunderstood than sales tax! We hope this article will help clear matters up.
\nThe first thing that should be considered about sales tax, is the specific nature of the tax. Sales tax is an “excise” tax. An excise tax is a “privilege” tax. How do we know that it is an excise? Because (depending on the state) it says so right in the sales tax statute:
\nCalifornia Revenue and Taxation Code, section 6051:
\n“For the privilege<\/strong> of selling tangible personal property at retail a tax is hereby imposed upon all retailers…”
\nAs can clearly be seen by the use of the “privilege”, the tax is based upon the exercise of a privilege. So why do we say that sales tax is an “excise” tax? Because the federal courts tell us that the two words (“privilege” and “excise”) represent the same form of tax.
\n“The term ‘excise tax’ and ‘privilege tax’ are synonymous. The two are often used interchangeably.”
\nAmerican Airways v. Wallace, 57 F.2d 877, 880
\nNow that we know the tax is an excise, we must determine who is exercising the privilege. Only in this way can we determine who is actually and lawfully liable for the tax. But wait\u00e2\u20ac\u00a6reread the California statute shown above. The State has done our work for us by telling us plainly who the tax is imposed upon [which is the person “made liable” for the tax]. The statute says the tax is “…imposed upon all retailers<\/strong>…” Did you get that? The tax is upon “retailers”. The tax is not, and never has been, imposed on you.
\nO.K., now we know that the tax is imposed upon the retailer. So what is the privilege being exercised by the retailer? That question is the key to who is a “retailer” and who is not. Even if you sell products “at retail”, you are still not the “retailer” spoken of in the statute unless you are also exercising a privilege in the course of selling your goods at retail.<\/strong> Let’s explore this issue a bit.
\nCalifornia writes some of the most vague laws in the nation. The intention of the California legislature is not usually made clear in the text of the law, nor is there usually any sort of preface that explains its intended purpose. Other states generally don’t do much better because they often attempt to copy California’s lead. However, some do a tad better.
\nThe Minnesota sales tax statute is an example of legislative language that at least tips us off to a few things!
\nHere’s how the State of Minnesota imposes their sales tax:
\n297A.62 Sales tax imposed; rates.
\n“…a sales is imposed on the gross receipts from retail sales in this state by a person who is required to have or voluntarily obtains a permit under section 297A.83, subdivision 1”.
\nThe Minnesota statute tells us that there are “persons” who are required to have a resale permit, and others who may acquire the permit on a purely voluntary basis. Minnesota law never reveals which “person” is required to have the permit, nor does California law. So how do we distinguish between the person who has to have a permit and those who don’t? That distinction will also tell us who is the “retailer” and who is not.
\nIt would be nice if the legislative draftsmen who write these statutes would just come right out and tell us who is required, but that would cost a state such as California billions of dollars in lost revenue in just a single year, so the legislative draftsmen are not allowed to be that straightforward. If the legislative draftsmen were allowed to tell us plainly who is “required”, then we would also know just as plainly who is not required because they wouldn’t be on the “required” list.
\nLet’s be frank – to withhold a clear definition of who the tax is imposed upon in order to create an environment in which people will collect and pay a tax, out of ignorance, for which they are not liable, is criminal conduct – if not legally, certainly morally. Unless or until the culprits (your elected state legislators) vote to amend the law to clarify matters [fat chance!], we are left with what is written, and that is what we must examine for answers. Since the State will not allow any plain language to be used, the legislative draftsmen are left to write the law in such a way as to rely solely on contextual framework to determine who is required and who is not.\u00c2\u00a0 Let’s explore the contextual framework of the “person” upon whom the tax is imposed.
\nAlthough the tax is actually imposed based upon the occurrence of certain events (i.e. “selling at retail”), the responsibility for collecting and paying over the tax rests upon a “person”. A typical definition of “person” in a statute usually looks something like this:
\nPerson – The term person includes an individual, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, association, cooperative, corporation whether or not organized for profit, estate, or trust.<\/span><\/strong>
\nThe first thing that is important to note about that definition is that other than the word “individual” (which we will discuss in a moment), every one of the entities listed is clearly a “statutory legal fiction”. A statutory legal fiction is a legal entity (called a “person”) that exists because the legislature has allowed it to come into existence by passing a law that authorizes its creation. The most commonly recognized “statutory fiction” is a corporation. We would suggest that you re-read the bold-print sentence as many times as is necessary, and let it sink in. [A quick and easy test to determine if something is a legal fiction is this: If it can sue you in court, but it has no flesh and blood, it’s a legal fiction.]
\nBecause statutory fictions are created by the State, they are subject to absolute regulation by the State solely on the basis of “public policy” considerations. [In this article we will only be addressing statutory fictions. There are non-statutory fictions, such as Common Law Trusts, which are not generally subject to State regulation as are statutory fictions.] Once again, we would suggest that you re-read the bold-print sentence above as many times as necessary to lock it in your mind.
\nSome corporations are referred to as “private corporations”. This phrase is misleading. A “private corporation” is not “private” in the way most people use that word. In law, the phrase “private corporation” is merely a way of distinguishing a corporation as not being listed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for “public trading” of its shares on a stock exchange. Because corporations (and all other statutory fictions) are created by the State, they are never “private” in the way most people understand and use the word “private”.
\nSince all of the words used within the definition of “person” appear to be “legal fictions”, how then should we view the word “individual”? And remember, we are ascertaining the proper meaning and application of a tax statute through context.
\nThe first question that we would ask is whether or not an “individual” is a Citizen. [See the Citizenship page within this site for details on “Citizen”.] Since a Citizen of a state of the Union is definitely not exercising a privilege when buying or selling his own property in a private transaction, then a Citizen cannot be the “individual” in a definition dealing with an excise [privilege] tax – at least not in his private capacity.<\/strong> But what if the “individual” is a man (Citizen or not) who holds a position of authority and responsibility within one of those legal fictions (such as a corporate officer)? Let’s see if that theory holds water!
\nChapter 75 of the Internal Revenue Code specifies various criminal tax offenses. The term “person” is used in virtually every section of the chapter. After all, since a “legal fiction” can’t be put in jail, there has to be someone that the government can ultimately hold accountable for wrongdoing.
\nSo what is the definition of “person” for IRS tax crimes?
\n26 USC \u00a77343:
\nPerson – The term ”person” as used in this chapter includes an officer or employee of a corporation, or a member or employee of a partnership, who as such officer, employee, or member is under a duty to perform the act in respect of which the violation occurs.
\nAh…so when a real-live-flesh-and-blood person (known in law as a “natural person”) is held accountable for criminal non-compliance with the law, he is held accountable only in his capacity as the officer or employee, under a duty to perform, on behalf of the “legal fiction”.
\nDoes it not then seem reasonable that the “individual” listed in the sales tax statute is simply a natural person who is under a duty to perform, or not perform, an act regarding the tax being imposed upon the legal fiction?
\nOf course under the Minnesota sales tax statute it is entirely likely that “individual”, as used within the definition of “person”, is also anyone who voluntarily acquired a resale permit, thus entering into an agreement with the State of Minnesota, thereby making himself an “individual” (as such word is used within the definition of “person”). Although the California statute does not specifically mention the person who would obtain a resale permit voluntarily, the same principle applies in that state. Got a headache yet? Too bad – we’re not done!
\nWho else might the word “individual” include? Could it include an alien residing in this country? Of course. This can easily be seen by the fact that aliens legally entering this country must receive written permission from the Immigration and Naturalization Service in order to work in this country. [Still not done!]
\nWho else might the word “individual” include? Let’s see what Black’s Law Dictionary has to say. After pointing out that the word “individual” can mean a “natural person as distinguished from partnership, [or] corporation” [See a theme here?], it goes on to say;
\n“…but it is said this restrictive signification is not necessarily inherent in the word, and that it may, in proper cases, include artificial persons.”
\nBlack’s Law Dictionary, 6th Ed.
\nIn case you’re wondering, an “artificial person” is simply another way of saying, “a legal fiction”! Boy, these lawyers are a tricky bunch aren’t they?
\nSo now we have three probable meanings for the word “individual” as it is used within the definition of “person” (concerning the imposition of an excise tax):
\nA natural person under a duty as an official<\/strong> of a corporation or other fiction.
\nA natural person who created liability through an agreement<\/strong> with the State.
\nA non-specified form of legal fiction<\/strong>, not otherwise appearing in the definition.
\nGiven varying circumstances, “individual” may mean one or more of those definitions, but one thing is for sure – in a statute involving an excise tax, the word “individual” never means a private Citizen buying or selling his own private property in the course of a private transaction. Why? Because a private Citizen has an “unalienable right<\/strong>” to acquire, possess, and dispose of his private property without interference from the government.
\nSo…if we know what “individual” does and does not mean, we now have a better understanding of what “person” means! Since we know that every other entity (except “individual”) is a legal fiction, and we know what “individual” does and does not mean, we now know that “person” (when applied to an excise tax) does not mean a private Citizen buying or selling his own private property in the course of a private transaction.
\nSo let’s tie this back into the issue of context, which is where we started three pages ago when we first found that the statute does not specify who is exercising the taxable privilege!
\nBecause a private Citizen who is buying or selling his own private property must be excluded from the word “individual” on Constitutional grounds, the contextual framework has been staked out; after having excluded a Citizen, the law may properly be applied to those who do not have unalienable rights to violate. So we find that “person” means:
\nAny statutory fiction of law (not exempt by statute).
\nAn “individual”.
\nWe have found that “individual” means:
\n. A natural person under a duty as an official of a corporation or other fiction.
\n. A natural person who created liability through an agreement with the State.
\n. A non-specified form of legal fiction, not otherwise appearing in the definition of “person”.
\nIt should be remembered that this discourse pertains exclusively to excise taxes and may not be applicable in other unrelated matters.
\nWe hope that this has not only educated you as to the contextual framework of excise taxes, but may also have demonstrated a general approach to making sense of convoluted and\/or vague statutes. Context is always a fundamental element.
\nIn closing, we should bring one additional issue to your attention. The State of California and many other states assert that for proper administration of sales tax the State may operate under the presumption that everyone is a retailer and owes sales tax.
\nCalifornia Revenue and Taxation Code, \u00c2\u00a76091:
\nFor the purpose of the proper administration of this part and to prevent evasion of the sales tax it shall be presumed that all gross receipts are subject to the tax until the contrary is established.
\nIt should be noted that only “persons” have “gross receipts<\/strong>“, not Citizens in the pursuit of their private affairs – even if such private affairs include the buying and selling of goods or services. It should also be noted that “all” presumptions are rebuttable by affidavit, sworn testimony, or other evidence<\/strong>. The State’s presumption can never operate lawfully upon a Citizen (unless he has a resale permit) because such a presumption would conflict with our nation’s fundamental principle of “innocent until proven guilty”, and would reverse the standard that the government has the “burden of proof”. The State’s presumption can only operate against “persons”, who have no unalienable rights to offend.
\n[For assistance with proper rebuttal, click on Original Intent Services<\/strong> or Contact Us]
\nAnd finally, many Citizens make some serious mistakes in reference to sales tax, which winds up causing them significant legal and financial heartburn later. These mistakes are:
\nNot collecting or paying over the sales tax while in possession of a valid resale permit.
\nAllowing the resale permit to merely “expire<\/strong>” as opposed to properly canceling it. [For assistance in properly canceling a resale permit<\/strong>, click on Original Intent Services or Contact Us.]
\nFiling other State tax returns that require you to declare “gross receipts” or “gross income” under penalty of perjury. [The “class of person” who owes State income tax is the same “class of person” who is required to get a resale permit!]
\nFiling federal income tax returns. [The “class of person” who owes federal income tax is the same “class of person” who is required to get a resale permit!]
\nCollecting sales tax (with or without a resale permit) and not paying it over to the State – or – returning it to the person from whom it was collected.
\nSummary
\nSales tax (in every state) is an excise tax.
\n. Excise taxes are taxes that are levied upon the exercise of a privilege.
\n. A privilege is an activity that you do not have a right to engage in as a Citizen.
\n. Private Citizens have an unalienable right to buy and sell their own private property without interference from state.
\n. Sales tax is imposed upon a “person” who is exercising the privilege of selling at retail; i.e. “the retailer”.
\n. The term “person” generally means entities that are fictions of law.
\n. The term “person” can include an “individual”.
\n. An “individual” can be a natural person who holds a position within a legal fiction, which requires him to act in relation to the tax imposed upon the fiction. An “individual” can be an alien.
\n. An “individual” can be a Citizen who has created liability that would not otherwise exist by entering into an agreement with the state; i.e. voluntarily obtaining a resale permit.
\n. Many states assert the presumption of liability, but this presumption cannot operate upon a Citizen who is not a “person” for sales tax purposes.
\nWe hope this article has provided some assistance in better understanding the law relating to sales tax, as well as various other peripheral issues. If you enjoyed this article and found it to be of value, please pass this page along to friends and associates.<\/p>\n

[http:\/\/www.originalintent.org\/edu\/salestax.php<\/a>]<\/p>\n

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>><\/p>\n

Also one can study territorial<\/strong> (proprietary) jurisdiction as for the government only has authority to tax (govern) activity that occurs on Land that they own.\u00a0 See\u00a0 edrivera.com<\/strong> a lawyer of 40+ years, dedicated to telling the whole truth and nothing but the truth on all aspects of said jurisdictions.<\/p>\n

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CAUTION-Never state that you do not have a sales tax duty, always keep the burden on them to prove your duty! Businesses where I do not pay STATE sales tax. Menards Walmart Lowes HomeDepo Napa Auto Parts To order my … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[20],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pauljjhansen.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pauljjhansen.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pauljjhansen.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.pauljjhansen.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.pauljjhansen.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=92"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/www.pauljjhansen.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":849,"href":"http:\/\/www.pauljjhansen.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/92\/revisions\/849"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.pauljjhansen.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=92"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.pauljjhansen.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=92"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.pauljjhansen.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=92"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}